ASA reprints the most current FAA Practical Test Standards in this series of handy cockpit-sized guides. This is the reprint of FAA-S-8081-4E, Instrument Rating for Airplane, Helicopter & Powered Lift. Every PTS is written by the FAA and details the type and levels of skill and knowledge that must be demonstrated before an examiner can issue a certificate or rating to an applicant, and lists the appropriate background study and reference materials.